【真题】2018年天津市高考英语试题（带答案和解释）

2018年高考英语真题试卷（天津卷）
一、单项填空：从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1.（2018•天津）—Wasn't Joan supposed to be here by now?
—         .She will be here in about twenty minutes.           
A. All right                     B. Don't worry                     C. No wonder                     D. Enjoy yourself
2.（2018•天津）Kae, _________sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.           
A. whom                                   B. that                                   C. whose                                   D. her
3.（2018•天津）At first Robert wouldn't let his daughter go diving, but eventually he___________ as she was so confidence about her skills.           
A. gave in                          B. dressed up                          C. broke in                          D. turned up
4.（2018•天津）Let's not pick these peaches until this weekend ___________they get sweet enough to be eaten.           
A. ever since                           B. as if                           C. even though                           D. so that
5.（2018•天津）—I'm moving in a few days and I wonder if you could help.
—___________. Just let me know when, and I'll be there.           
A. You bet                         B. It depends                         C. Forget it                         D. No kidding
6.（2018•天津）The__________ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.           
A. advice                             B. order                             C. possibility                             D. invitation
7.（2018•天津）I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph___________.           
A. taking                              B. taken                              C. being taken                              D. take
8.（2018•天津）It took him a long time to___________ the skills he needed to become a good dancer.           
A. display                                 B. acquire                                 C. teach                                 D. test
9.（2018•天津）The gold medal will be awarded to ___________ wins the first place in the bicycler.           
A. whomever                         B. wherever                         C. whoever                         D. whatever
10.（2018•天津）I can't find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.           
A. should leave                B. must have left                C. might leave                D. could have left
11.（2018•天津）Bob thought he couldn't go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went ___________.           
A. at first                           B. after all                           C. above all                           D. at random
12.（2018•天津）I didn't mean ___________anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn't help_______ it.           
A. to eat；to try               B. eating；trying               C. eating；to try               D. to eat； trying
13.（2018•天津）My washing machine ___________this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.           
A. was repaired              B. is repaired              C. is being repaired              D. has been repaired
14.（2018•天津）It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ___________we saw Lily in the passenger seat.           
A. which                                  B. that                                  C. when                                  D. where
15.（2018•天津）If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach.           
A. had caught                      B. caught                      C. have caught                      D. would catch
二、完形填空
16.（2018•天津）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
    No one is born a winner. People make themselves into winners by their own         1       .
    I learned this lesson from a(n)          2        many years ago. I took the head         3       job at a school in Baxley, Georgia. It was a small school with a weak football program.
    It was a tradition for the school's old team to play against the         4        team at the end of spring practice. The old team had no coach, and they didn't even practice to         5       the game. Being the coach of the new team, I was excited because I knew we were going to win, but to my disappointment we were defeated. I couldn't         6        I had got into such a situation. Thinking hard about it, I came to         7        that my team might not be the number one team in Georgia, but they were         8       me. I had to change my         9       about their ability and potential.
    I started doing anything I could to help them build a little          10        .Most important, I began to treat them like         11        .That summer, When the other teams enjoyed their         12        ,we met every day and         13       passing and kicking the football.
    Six months after suffering our         14       on the spring practice field, we won our first game and our second, and continued to        15       .Finally, we faced the number one team in the state. I felt that it would be a         16       for us even if we lost the game. But that wasn't what happened. My boys beat the best team in Georgia, giving me one of the greatest        17       my life！
    From the experience I learnt a lot about how the attitude of the leader can         18        the members of a team. Instead of seeing my boys as losers, I pushed and        19       them. I helped them to see themselves         20        ,and they built themselves into winners.
    Winners are made, but born.           
1. A. luck B. tests C. efforts D. nature
2. A. experiment B. experience C. visit D. show
3. A. operating B. editing C. consulting D. coaching
4. A. successful B. excellent C. strong D. new
5. A. cheer for B. prepare for C. help with D. finish with
6. A. believe B. agree C. describe D. regret
7. A. realize B. claim C. permit D. demand
8. A. reacting to B. looking for C. depending on D. caring about
9. A. decision B. attitude C. conclusion D. intention
10. A. pride B. culture C. fortune D. relationship
11. A. leaders B. partners C. winners D. learners
12. A. rewards B. vacations C. health D. honor
13. A. risked B. missed C. considered D. practiced
14. A. defeat B. decline C. accident D. mistake
15. A. relax B. improve C. expand D. defend
16. A. shame B. burden C. victory D. favor
17. A. chances B. thrills C. concerns D. offers
18. A. surprise B. serve C. interest D. affect
19. A. encouraged B. observed C. protected D. impressed
20. A. honestly B. individually C. calmly D. differently
三、阅读理解
17.（2018•天津）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A
Fire Prevention Information
    The University of Adelaide employs a full-time staff of fire prevention professionals. They inspect all campus buildings and test and maintain all sprinkler(喷水灭火装置）systems, fire alarms, and fire extinguishers (灭火器). They also provide educational programs or fire safety in the residence hall. Whenever you move to a new area, you should locate the fire alarm pull stations and the two exits nearest your room.
Fire Alarms
    The floors of all campus buildings are equipped with manual(手动的）fire alarm systems which include fire alarm pull stations and pipes. Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems consisting of heat detectors, smoke detectors and sprinklers. For your safety, never tamper with(胡乱摆弄）these systems. False fire alarms are illegal and may lead to imprisonment.
Fire Drills
    A fire drill will be conducted in your residence hall every semester. During a fire drill, please do the following:
    •Take your room key and ID, close and lock the door to your room.
    •Exit immediately from the nearest emergency exit do not use a lift.
    •Meet outside of your residence hall and wait for further instructions.
Fire Extinguishers
    Fire extinguishers are located on each floor and in each apartment. Use a fire extinguisher only if you have been trained to do so. Irresponsible use of a fire extinguisher can create a dangerous situation for other residents and could result in damage to personal property. Misuse of a fire extinguisher will result in fines.
Smoke Detector
    A smoke detector is on the ceiling in your room. Some buildings also have heat detectors on the ceilings. Do the following to ensure the safe operation of your smoke detector:
    •If your smoke detector is working properly, the red light should be on. If the red light is not blinking（闪动），contact residence hall staff immediately.
    •Do not cover or block your smoke detector in any way.
    •If a smoke detector sets off an alarm and there is no fire or smoke, inform your hall staff.   
（1）What is the main duty of the fire prevention professionals?           
A. To provide part-time jobs for students.         B. To lead the students to the nearest exits.
C. To check and maintain fire prevention equipment.         D. To train teachers to be fire prevention professionals.
（2）What do the automatic fire alarm systems include?           
A. Pipes and smoke detectors.                            B. Smoke detectors and sprinklers.
C. Fire alarm pull stations and pipes.                  D. Sprinklers and fire alarm pull stations.
（3）In a fire drill, the students should      .           
A. rush quickly to a lift                                         B. gather at the nearest exit
C. shut the door and leave at once                     D. wait for instructions in the hall
（4）What do we know about the use of fire extinguishers?           
A. Using them wrongly results in punishment.         B. Irresponsible use of them can damage them.
C. Improper use of them can destroy the apartment.         D. Using them without a trainer present is forbidden.
（5）To ensure the safe operation of the smoke detector, one should_________.           
A. contact the hall staff regularly                        B. cover the things that burn easily
C. start the smoke detector in a fire                    D. make certain the red light is working
18.（2018•天津）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。B
    When I was 17, I read a magazine article about a museum called the McNay, once the home of a watercolorist named Marian McNay. She had requested the community to tum it into a museum upon her death. On a sunny Saturday, Sally and I drove over to the museum. She asked, "Do you have the address? ""No, but I'll recognize it, there was a picture in the magazine. "
    "Oh, stop. There it is!"
    The museum was free. We entered, excited. A group of people sitting in the hall stopped talking and stared at us.
    "May I help you?" a man asked. "No," I said. "We're fine." Tour guides got on my nerves. What if they talked a long time about a painting you weren't that interested in? Sally had gone upstairs. The people in the hall seemed very nosy(爱窥探的), keeping their eyes on me with curiosity. What was their problem? I saw some nice sculptures in one room. Suddenly I sensed a man standing behind me. "Where do you think you are?" he asked. I turned sharply. "The McNay Art Museum!" He smiled, shaking his head. "Sorry, the McNay is on New Braunfels Street." "What's this place?" I asked, still confused. "Well, it's our home." My heart jolted(震颤). I raced to the staircase and called out, "Sally! Come down immediately! "
    "There's some really good stuff(艺术作品）up there."She stepped down, looking confused. I pushed her toward the front door, waving at the family, saying, "Sorry, please forgive us, you have a really nice place." Outside, when I told Sally what happened, she covered her mouth, laughing. She couldn't believe how long they let us look around without saying anything.
    The real McNay was splendid, but we felt nervous the whole time we were there. Van Gogh, Picasso. This time, we stayed together, in case anything else unusual happened.
    Thirty years later, a woman approached me in a public place. "Excuse me, did you ever enter a residence, long ago, thinking it was the McNay Museum?"
    "Yes. But how do you know? We never told anyone. "
    "That was my home. I was a teenager sitting in the hall. Before you came over, I never realized what a beautiful place I lived in. I never felt lucky before. You thought it was a museum. My feelings about my home changed after that. I've always wanted to thank you."   
（1）What do we know about Marian McNay?           
A. She was a painter.                                            B. She was a community leader.
C. She was a museum director.                           D. She was a journalist.
（2）Why did the author refuse the help from the man in the house?           
A. She disliked people who were nosy.               B. She felt nervous when talking to strangers.
C. She knew more about art than the man.         D. She mistook him for a tour guide.
（3）How did the author feel about being stared at by the people in the hall?           
A. Puzzled.                       B. Concerned.                       C. Frightened.                       D. Delighted.
（4）Why did the author describe the real McNay museum in just a few words?           
A. The real museum lacked enough artwork to interest her.         B. She was too upset to spend much time at the real museum.
C. The McNay was disappointing compared with the house.         D. The event happening in the house was more significant.
（5）What could we learn from the last paragraph?           
A. People should have good taste to enjoy life.         B. People should spend more time with their family.
C. People tend to be blind to the beauty around them.         D. People tend to educate teenagers at a museum.
19.（2018•天津）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。C
    There's a new frontier in 3D printing that's beginning to come into focus: food. Recent development has made possible machines that print, cook, and serve foods on a mass scale. And the industry isn't stopping there.
Food production
    With a 3D printer, a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for decoration on a wedding cake. Not everybody can do that — it takes years of experience, but a printer makes it easy. A restaurant in Spain uses a Foodini to "re-create forms and pieces" of food that are "exactly the same," freeing cooks to complete other tasks. In another restaurant, all of the dishes and desserts it serves are 3D-printed, rather than farm to table.
Sustainability(可持续性）
    The global population is expected to grow to 9.6 billion by 2050, and some analysts estimate that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels. Sustainability is becoming a necessity. 3D food printing could probably contribute to the solution. Some experts believe printers could use hydrocolloids (水解胶体) from plentiful renewables like algae(藻类) and grass to replace the familiar ingredients(烹饪原料). 3D printing can reduce fuel use and emissions. Grocery stores of the future might stock "food" that lasts years on end, freeing up shelf space and reducing transportation and storage requirements.
Nutrition
    Future 3D food printers could make processed food healthier. Hod Lipson, a professor at Columbia University, said, "Food printing could allow consumers to print food with customized nutritional content, like vitamins. So instead of eating a piece of yesterday's bread from the supermarket, you'd eat something baked just for you on demand."
Challenges
    Despite recent advancements in 3D food printing, the industry has many challenges to overcome. Currently, most ingredients must be changed to a paste(糊状物) before a printer can use them, and the printing process is quite time-consuming, because ingredients interact with each other in very complex ways. On top of that, most of the 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients, because meat and milk products may easily go bad. Some experts are skeptical about 3D food printers, believing they are better suited for fast food restaurants than homes and high-end restaurants.   
（1）What benefit does 3D printing bring to food production?           
A. It helps cooks to create new dishes.               B. It saves time and effort in cooking.
C. It improves the cooking conditions.               D. It contributes to restaurant decorations.
（2）What can we learn about 3D food printing from Paragraphs 3?           
A. It solves food shortages easily.                       B. It quickens the transportation of food.
C. It needs no space for the storage of food.         D. It uses renewable materials as sources of food.
（3）According to Paragraph 4, 3D-printed food _____________.           
A. is more available to consumers                       B. can meet individual nutritional needs
C. is more tasty than food in supermarkets         D. can keep all the nutrition in raw materials
（4）What is the main factor that prevents 3D food printing from spreading widely?           
A. The printing process is complicated.              B. 3D food printers are too expensive.
C. Food materials have to be dry.                       D. Some experts doubt 3D food printing.
（5）What could be the best title of the passage?           
A. 3D Food Printing: Delicious New Technology         B. A New Way to Improve 3D Food Printing
C. The Challenges for 3D Food Production         D. 3D Food Printing: From Farm to Table
20.（2018•天津）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。D
    Give yourself a test. Which way is the wind blowing? How many kinds of wildflowers can be seen from your front door? If your awareness is as sharp as it could be, you'll have no trouble answering these questions.
    Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults. A child's day is filled with fascination, newness and wonder. Curiosity gave us all a natural awareness. But distinctions that were sharp to us as children become unclear; we are numb(麻木的）to new stimulation(刺激), new ideas. Relearning the art of seeing the world around us is quite simple, although it takes practice and requires breaking some bad habits.
    The first step in awakening senses is to stop predicting what we are going to see and feel before it occurs. This blocks awareness. One chilly night when I was hiking in the Rocky Mountains with some students, I mentioned that we were going to cross a mountain stream. The students began complaining about how cold it would be. We reached the stream, and they unwillingly walked ahead. They were almost knee-deep when they realized it was a hot spring. Later they all admitted they'd felt cold water at first.
    Another block to awareness is the obsession(痴迷) many of us have with naming things. I saw bird watchers who spotted a bird, immediately looked it up in field guides, and said, a "ruby-crowned kinglet" and checked it off. They no longer paid attention to the bird and never learned what it was doing.
    The pressures of "time" and "destination" are further blocks to awareness. I encountered many hikers who were headed to a distant camp-ground with just enough time to get there before dark. It seldom occurred to them to wander a bit, to take a moment to see what's around them. I asked them what they'd seen. "Oh, a few birds," they said. They seemed bent on their destinations.
    Nature seems to unfold to people who watch and wait. Next time you take a walk, no matter where it is, take in all the sights, sounds and sensations. Wander in this frame of mind and you will open a new dimension to your life.   
（1）According to Paragraph 2, compared with adults, children are more ____________.           
A. anxious to do wonders                                    B. sensitive to others' feelings
C. likely to develop unpleasant habits                D. eager to explore the world around them
（2）What idea does the author convey in Paragraph 3?           
A. To avoid jumping to conclusions.                   B. To stop complaining all the time.
C. To follow the teacher's advice.                        D. To admit mistakes honestly.
（3）The bird watchers' behavior shows that they __________.           
A. are very patient in their observation              B. are really fascinated by nature
C. care only about the names of birds                D. question the accuracy of the field guides
（4）Why do the hikers take no notice of the surroundings during the journey?           
A. The natural beauty isn't attractive to them.         B. They focus on arriving at the camp in time.
C. The forest in the dark is dangerous for them.         D. They are keen to see rare birds at the destination.
（5）In the passage, the author intends to tell us we should __________.           
A. fill our senses to feel the wonders of the world         B. get rid of some bad habits in our daily life
C. open our mind to new things and ideas         D. try our best to protect nature
四、阅读表达
21.（2018•天津）阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
    Some people live to climb the highest mountains. Some people live only dreaming about it while others live to avoid ever climbing at all. But one thing is certain, all people encounter mountains in their life.
    When I was a little girl, my family moved to a tiny town at the bottom of a big mountain. One day after school, while exploring the green woods of this magnificent mountain, I almost fell on a set of stairs. What could these steps lead to? Curiosity got the best of me as I knew it would be starting to get dark soon. I started climbing up those strangely mysterious steps.
    I climbed and climbed. There was nothing but just green bushes and these steps. I had to reach the top! But it was now getting real dark. If I kept going I might not be able to see my way back. My mom would be worried sick if I didn't come home soon. So I ran back home almost in the dark while trying not to get too scared.
    Anxiously I went to bed dreaming about what I would find at the top of this magical mountain. Could there be a castle up there? Maybe I would find a monster(怪物). Maybe I was taking the risk of never coming back home. Or, maybe all I would find was absolutely nothing! But something inside me was going to climb that mountain at all cost. I could hardly wait to try this adventure again.
    Now we live in a world surrounded by the "can't do" attitudes. We all fall down. We all have doubts and regrets. Still we must climb and dream about what's at the top of our mountain. Monsters may appear or the night will fall. But never ever give up on your dream! Never let anyone tell you, "You can't." Dream big and climb high!   
（1）What made the author start to climb up the stairs to the mountain top? (no more than 5 words)   
（2）Why did the author hurry back home without reaching the top of the mountain? Give two reasons. (no more than 15 words)   
（3）How would you describe the author in terms of personalities according to Paragraph 4? (no more than 10 words)   
（4）How do you understand the underlined sentence in the last paragraph? (no more than 5 words)   
（5）What's your attitude towards the "mountain" in your life? Please explain. (no more than 20 words)   
五、书面表达
22.（2018•天津）假设你是晨光中学的机器人兴趣小组组长李津，你的美国朋友Chris就读于天津某国际学校，他曾在机器人技能竞赛中获奖。你打算邀请他加入你的团队，参加即将于7月底在天津举行的世界青少学机器人技能竞赛。请根据以下提示代表兴趣小组给他写一封电子邮件。
⑴比赛的时间、地点；
⑵邀请他的原因；
⑶训练计划将发送其邮箱，请他提出建议。
注意：
⑴词数不少于100；
⑵可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；
⑶开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：
世界青少年机器人技能竞赛 the World Adolescent Robotics Competition
Dear Chris,
    I have good news to tell you.
    I'm looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Jin   
 

答案解析部分
一、单项填空：从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 
1.【解析】【分析】句意：——琼现在不是应该在这儿吗？——不用担心，在大约20分钟内她将会到这儿的。A. all right“好，行”；B. Don't worry“别担心”；C. No wonder“难怪”；D. Enjoy yourself“玩得开心”。根据答句中的She will be there in about twenty minutes.可以判断：不需要担心琼，她一会儿就到。故选B。
【点评】考查交际用语，区分All right；Don't worry；No wonder；Enjoy yourself的含义和使用环境。
2.【解析】【分析】句意：凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了。我们在大学的时候，我和她的姐姐共住一室。分析句子，句中先行词为Kate，在非限定性定语从句中作名词sister的定语，故用关系代词whose。故选C。
【点评】考查定语从句，本题涉及关系代词whose引导的非限制性定语从句的应用。
3.【解析】【分析】句意：起初，罗伯特不愿让他女儿去潜水，但最终他让步了，因为她对她的技能是如此的有把握。A. gave in“屈服，让步”；B. dressed up“打扮”；C. broke in“闯入，打断”；D. turned up“出现”。根据转折词but及原因as she was so confident about her skills.可知，最终他让步了。故选A。
【点评】考查动词短语词义辨析，区分give in；dress up；break in；turn up的含义。
4.【解析】【分析】句意：让我们这个周末再摘这些桃子，这样的话，它们吃起来就变得足够的甜。A. ever since“自那时起”；B. as if“好像”；C. even though“尽管”；D. so that“以便”。从句为目的状语从句，故用so that引导。选D。
【点评】考查状语从句，本题涉及so that引导的目的状语从句的应用。
5.【解析】【分析】句意：——我在几天内会搬家，我想知道你是否能帮忙。——没问题，只需要让我知道什么时候，我就会到那儿。A. You bet“没问题”；B. It depends“看情况而定”；C. Forget it“算了吧”；D. No kidding“别开玩笑”。根据答句中的Just let me know when, and I'll be there.可以判断：他/她一定会帮忙。故答案选A。
【点评】考查交际用语，区分You bet；It depends；Forget it；No kidding的含义和使用环境。
6.【解析】【分析】句意：宇宙中其它星球上存在生命这种可能性总是激励科学家们去探索外部空间。A. advice“建议”；B. order“命令”；C. possibility“可能性”；D. invitation“邀请”。故选C。
【点评】考查名词词义辨析，区分advice；order；possibility；invitation的含义。
7.【解析】【分析】句意：我需要一个新护照，所以我将不得不拍照片。宾语my photograph与补足语之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语，选B。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，本题涉及过去分词作宾语补足语的应用。
8.【解析】【分析】句意：他花了很长时间才获得了成为一名优秀舞蹈家所需的技能。A display“显示”；B. acquire“获得”；C. teach“教”；D. test“测试”。故选B。
【点评】考查动词词义辨析，区分display；acquire；teach；test的含义。
9.【解析】【分析】句意：无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名，金牌将授予他。分析句子可知，宾语从句中缺少主语，故用whoever，表示“任何人，无论谁”。故答案选C。
【点评】考查名词性从句，本题涉及whoever引导的宾语从句的应用。
10.【解析】【分析】句意：我不能找到我的钱包了，昨天我有可能把它落到超市了，但我不确定。根据句中时间状语yesterday可知，是对过去事情的推测，故用情态动词+ have done，再根据后句but I'm not sure.可知，此推测为不能肯定的推测，故用情态动词could，表示“可能”。故选D。
【点评】考查情态动词表推测和虚拟语气，以及could have done的应用。
11.【解析】【分析】句意：鲍勃认为他不能去参加聚会，因为他不得不写一份报告，但他终究去了。A. at first“起初”；B. after all“毕竟，终究”；C.above all“首先”；D. at random“随便地”。根据前面的转折连词可知，与前面情况相反，故选B。
【点评】考查介词短语辨析，区分at first；after all；above all；at random的含义。
12.【解析】【分析】句意：我不打算吃任何东西，但冰淇淋看起来如此的好以至于我忍不住的要试一试。mean to do固定短语，“打算做”；couldn't help doing固定短语，“忍不住做”。故选D。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，以及固定短语mean to do和couldn't help doing。
13.【解析】【分析】句意：这周我的洗衣机正在修，所以我不得不手洗衣服。根据后句so I have to wash my clothes by hand.可知，洗衣机正在修，故用现在进行时态的被动语态。故选C。
【点评】考查时态语态，本题涉及现在进行时的被动语态的应用。
14.【解析】【分析】句意：只有当汽车在我们房子前停下来我们才看到在乘客位置的莉莉。这里是强调句，强调句型结构为：It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其他部分。本题强调时间状语only when the car pulled up in front of our house。故选B。
【点评】考查强调句，掌握其结构：It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其他部分。
15.【解析】【分析】句意：如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话，现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。根据时间状语yesterday可知，从句表示与过去事实相反，故用had + v-ed。故选A。
【点评】考查虚拟语气，本题涉及表示与过去事实相反的条件句的虚拟。
二、完形填空 
16.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者曾经担任过一个学校足球队的教练，在一次比赛中输给了学校的新队。于是开始反思，不停的训练和鼓励队员，最终竟然赢得州里最强的对手。作者感悟到：没有人天生就是赢家，只有依靠自己的努力才能成为赢家。
⑴考查名词。A. luck“幸运”；B. tests“测试”；C. efforts“努力”；D. nature“自然”。根据上文“No one is born a winner.”没有人天生就是赢家，根据常识可知，只有依靠自己的努力才能成为赢家。故选C。
⑵考查名词。A .experiment“实验”；B. experience“经历”；C. visit“参观”；D. show“展示”。根据下文可知，作者是从一次经历中得出这样的教训的。故选B。
⑶考查动词。A. operating“操作”；B. editing“编辑”；C. consulting“咨询”；D. coaching“指导”。根据下文“Being the coach of the new team, I was excited because I knew we were going to win, but to my disappointment we were defeated.”可知，作者在一所学校担任总教练工作。故选D。
⑷考查形容词。A. successful“成功的”；B. excellent“杰出的”；C. strong“强壮的”；D. new“新的”。根据上文“It was a tradition for the school's old team”中的old team提示可知，春季训练结束时，学校新老队伍对抗是一个传统。故选D。
⑸考查动词短语。A. cheer for“为……欢呼”；B. prepare for“为……准备”；C. help with“帮助某人做……”；D. finish with“结束于；和.……断绝关系”。老队没有教练，他们甚至不练习来准备比赛。故选B。
⑹考查动词。A. believe“相信”；B. agree“同意”；C. describe“描述”；D. regret“后悔”。根据上文“but to my disappointment we were defeated.”可知，作者不能相信会遇到这样的情况。故选A。
⑺考查动词。A. realize“意识到”；B. claim“宣称”；C. permit“允许”；D. demand“要求“。我开始意识到我的队也许不是佐治亚州头号队伍。come to realize固定短语，“开始意识到“，故选A。
⑻考查动词短语。A. reacting to“对……起反应”；B. looking for“寻找”；C. depending on“依靠”；D. caring about“关心”。但他们都在依靠我。故选C。
⑼考查名词。A. decision“决定”；B. attitude“态度”；C. conclusion“结论”；D. intention“意图”。我不得不改变我对他们能力和潜力的态度。故选B。
⑽考查名词。A. pride“自豪，自尊心”；B. culture“文化”；C. fortune“幸运”；D. relationship“关系”。我开始做任何我能做的事情来帮助他们建立一点自尊心。故选A。
⑾考查名词。A. leaders“领导”；B. partners“伙伴”；C. winners“获胜者”；D. learners“学习者”。根据下文“Instead of seeing my boys as losers, I pushed and  them.”以及文中最后一句提示可知，作者开始像获胜者对待他们。故选C。
⑿考查名词。A. reward“报酬”；B. vacations“假期”；C. health“健康”；D. honor“荣誉”。根据That summer可知，当其它队队员享受着他们假期的时候。故选B。
⒀考查动词。A. risked“冒险”；B. missed“错过”；C. considered“考虑”；D. practiced“练习”。根据上文“The old team had no coach, and they didn't even practice to    5    the game.”提示可得出答案。这里指练习传球和踢球。故选D。
⒁考查名词。A. defeat“打败”；B. decline“跌落”；C. accident“事故”；D. mistake“错误”。根据上文“but to my disappointment we were defeated.”在春季训练赛场遭受失败之后。故选A。
⒂考查动词。A. relax“放松”；B. improve“提高，改善”；C. expand“扩大”；D. defend“防御”。根据上文“we won our first game and our second”可知，我们继续在提高。故选B。
⒃考查名词。A. shame“羞愧”；B. burden“负担”；C. victory“胜利”；D. favor“赞成”。即使我们输掉比赛，我们感觉它会是一场胜利。故选C。
⒄考查名词。A. chances“机会”；B. thrills“激动”；C. concerns“关心”；D. offers“提供”。根据上文“My boys beat the best team in Georgia”可知，是作者一生中最激动人心的一次！故选B。
⒅考查动词。A. surprise“惊讶”；B. serve“服务”；C. interest“兴趣”；D. offers“提供”。从这次经历，我意识到领袖的态度如何能够呈现给队里的每个成员。故选D。
⒆考查动词。A. encouraged“鼓励”；B. observed“观察”；C. protected“保护”；D. impressed“影响”。根据I pushed可知，作者在推动和鼓励他们。故选A。
⒇考查副词。A. honestly“诚实地”；B. individually“个别地”；C. calmly“镇静地”；D. differently“不同地”。根据下文“and they built themselves into winners.”可知，我帮助他们以不同的方式看待自己。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
三、阅读理解  
17.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，从火警、消防训练、灭火器和烟雾探测器的使用等方面介绍了一些防火信息。
⑴考查细节理解。根据Fire Prevention Information部分中的“They inspect all campus buildings and test and maintain all sprinkler(喷水灭火装置）systems fire alarms and fire extinguishers (灭火器).”可知，专职消防人员主要职责是检查、测试和维护所有的校园建筑物防火装备。故选C。
⑵考查细节理解。根据Fire Alarms部分中的“Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems consisting heat detectors, smoke detectors and sprinklers.”可知，火灾自动报警系统由热探测器、烟雾探测器和喷头组成。故选B。
⑶考查细节理解。根据Fire Drills部分中的“Take your room key and ID, close and lock the door to your room.和Exit immediately from the nearest emergency exit do not use a lift.”可知，在消防演习中，学生锁好门并立即从最近的紧急出口离开。故选C。
⑷考查细节理解。根据Fire Extinguishers部分中的“Misuse of a fire extinguisher will result in fines.”可知，误用灭火器会导致罚款。故选A。
⑸考查细节理解。根据Smoke Detector部分中的“If your smoke detector is working properly, the red light should be on. If the red light is not blinking（闪动），contact residence hall staff immediately.”可知，烟雾探测器是否安全运行，看红灯是否闪动。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生准确掌握细节信息细节信息，结合题目要求，选出正确答案。
18.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者和朋友原想参观McNay博物馆，却误将一个私人住宅当成McNay博物馆。30年后，一位女士认出误撞入自己住宅的作者，指出正是因为作者的误撞入才让她意识到自己住的地方有多么美丽。
⑴考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“When I was 17, I read a magazine article about a museum called the McNay, once the home of a watercolorist named Marian McNay.”可知，Marian McNay是一名水彩画家。故选A。
⑵考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“‘May I help you?’ a man asked. ‘No’ I said. ‘We're fine.’ Tour guides got on my nerves.”可知，导游令作者心烦，作者误认为屋子里的男人是位导游。故选D。
⑶考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“The people in the hall seemed very nosy(爱窥探的), keeping their eyes on me with curiosity. What was their problem? ”大厅的人看起来都非常爱窥探的，眼睛不停的好奇的看着我。他们有什么问题？，可以推断出，作者当时感到困惑不解。故选A。
⑷考查推理判断。根据全文可知，作者主要在叙述参观误当成McNay博物馆的私人住宅上，这才是文章的重心，所以将真正的McNay博物馆叙述一带而过。故选D。
⑸考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Before you came over, I never realized what a beautiful place I lived in.”可知，在作者未造访她家之前，这位女士从未意识到自己住的地方多么美丽，从而可以推断出，人们往往对周围的美而不见。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
19.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，对3D打印技术在食物上的应用取得的进步进行了介绍了，但仍面临着许多方面的挑战。
⑴考查推理判断。Food production部分中叙述了没有经验的人可以用3D打印机做出复杂的巧克力雕塑和美丽的婚礼蛋糕，以及餐厅能够用3D打印出所有的菜肴和甜点，从而可以推断出3D打印的优势是节省了做饭的时间和精力。故选B。
⑵考查细节理解。根据Sustainability(可持续性）部分中的“Some experts believe printers could use hydrocolloids (水解胶体) from plentiful renewables like algae(藻类) and grass to replace the familiar ingredients(烹饪原料).”可知，3D打印机可以使用可再生材料作为食物来源。故选D。
⑶考查推理判断。根据Nutrition部分中的“Food printing could allow consumers to print food with customized nutritional content, like vitamins.”食品打印可以让消费者打印定制营养的食物，从而可以推断出3D打印出来的食物可以满足个人营养需求。故选B。
⑷考查细节理解。根据Challenges部分中的“most of the 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients, because meat and milk products may easily go bad.”可知，阻止3D打印食物进一步广泛使用的原因是原料必须是干的，含水多的肉和牛奶不能应用于3D打印因为很容易坏。故选C。
⑸考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了3D打印技术在食物上的应用取得了进展，但目前仍面临着许多方面的挑战。所以用标题3D Food Printing: Delicious New Technology，故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
20.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，通过此文作者要告诉我们：放慢脚步，用我们所有的感官从不同的角度来感受周围世界的奇妙和美好。
⑴考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults. A child's day is filled with fascination, newness and wonder.”可知，与成人相比较，孩子观察得更多，孩子的一天充满了魔力、新奇和惊奇。从而可以推断出孩子更急于探索他们周围的世界。故选D。
⑵考查推理判断。根据第三段中作者叙述在一个寒冷的夜晚，作者和学生徒步旅行穿过一条小溪的时候，学生们抱怨水太冷而不愿往前走，结果事实上那是一个温泉。作者举这样一个事例是为了向读者传递这样的观念：避免过早下结论。故选A。
⑶考查细节理解。根据第四段全段及“Another block to awareness is the obsession(痴迷) many of us have with naming things.“可知，鸟观察者发现鸟后只关心鸟的名字，并不关心它在做什么。故选C。
⑷考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“I encountered many hikers who were headed to a distant camp-ground with just enough time to get there before dark. It seldom occurred to them to wander a bit, to take a moment to see what's around them.”可知，徒步旅行者只关心能够及时到达目的地，而很少关心周围的事物。故选B。
⑸考查写作意图。纵观全文可知，作者想要通过此文要告诉我们：大自然只展现给那些善于观察和等待的人，利用我们所有的感官来感受周围世界的奇妙。故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和写作意图三个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
四、阅读表达 
21.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者讲述了小时候爬山的经历，懂得了：我们每个人在人生中都会遇到很多座山，但我们要勇于梦想，攀登高峰。
⑴考查细节归纳。根据第二段中的“What could these steps lead to? Curiosity got the best of me as I knew it would be starting to get dark soon. I started climbing up those strangely mysterious steps.”可知，好奇心驱使作者探索这些台阶通往到哪里，从而可以归纳得出答案：Curiosity made her do so.或者 The desire to explore.
⑵考查细节归纳。根据第三段中的“But it was now getting real dark. If I kept going I might not be able to see my way back. My mom would be worried sick if I didn't come home soon. So I ran back home almost in the dark while trying not to get too scared.”可知，作者没有到达山顶而急于回家的原因一共有4个，答案只需要归纳2个原因，因此答案为：Because it was getting dark，and she didn't want her mother to worry about her.或者 Because she was scared，and might not be able to find her/the way back home.
⑶考查细节归纳。根据第四段作者梦见城堡或怪物，可知作者非常具有想象力；以及“But something inside me was going to climb that mountain at all cost. I could hardly wait to try this adventure again.“可知，作者内心的某些东西会不惜一切代价爬上那座山并迫不及待地想再次冒险，可知作者具有冒险精神并且有决心。根据这些归纳出答案：She had rich imagination and she was brave.或者 She was a brave and determined girl with rich imagination.或者She was imaginative and determined，and she dared to explore.或者She was imaginative，adventurous and determined.
⑷考查句义理解。根据全文我们可以推断出We all fall down.指的是“我们生活中遇到的障碍/困难/失败/挑战等”。由此可以归纳出答案：We all sometimes fail.或者 We face failure/defeat/hardships/challenges in life.或者 There are difficulties/barriers/obstacles in life.或者 We run into trouble sometimes.或者 We have trouble in life.
⑸开放性试题。首先要理解题干中的mountain指的是“障碍或失败”，并且要陈述自己的理由，因此答案可以是I will try to reach my goal because I want to live an exciting life.或者 I will try to reach/get to the top of the "mountain" because I want to be successful in life.等等。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节归纳，句义理解和开放试题等三个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，要求考生准确理解细节信息，结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识，根据上下文进行逻辑推理，做出正确答案。
五、书面表达 
22.【解析】【分析】本题是一篇英文信件，要求考生以晨光中学的机器人兴趣小组组长李津的身份，代表兴趣小组给美国朋友Chris写一封电子邮件。写作背景： Chris就读于天津某国际学校，他曾在机器人技能竞赛中获奖。你打算邀请他加入你的团队，参加即将于7月底在天津举行的世界青少学机器人技能竞赛。写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：⑴比赛的时间、地点；⑵邀请他的原因；⑶训练计划将发送其邮箱，请他提出建议。写作时考生要注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】书面表达考查大家所熟悉的提纲类作文，我们需要用正确的英语把给出的要点表达出来。动笔前，一定要认真分析要点，理解要点要表达的含义，不能遗漏要点，跑题偏题。本作文中给出的要点比较具体，故需要准确表达。考生写完之后要检查是否有语法错误，看能否运用所学的知识将简单句变为复杂句，当然，没有把握的句子不要写。